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Accusative Prepositions

Several prepositions take the Accusative case, especially those expressing motion toward a destination.


Overview

PrepositionMeaningExample
naonto, to, forJdu na poštu.
dointo, toJdu do školy.
profor (someone)To je pro tebe.
přesacross, over, throughJdu přes most.
zabehind, for (exchange)Jdu za dům. / Děkuji za pomoc.
oabout, by (amount)Je o rok starší.
v/veinto (motion)Věřím v Boha.
mimooutside of, exceptMimo město.
mezibetween (motion)Šel mezi stromy.
nadabove (motion)Letí nad město.
podunder (motion)Dej to pod stůl.
předin front of (motion)Jdi před dům.

Na + Accusative (Motion Toward)

Na with accusative expresses motion toward a surface or destination.

Na + Accusative vs Na + Locative
  • Na + Accusative = going TO (motion)
  • Na + Locative = being AT (location)
Motion (Accusative)Location (Locative)
Jdu na poštu. (I'm going to the post office.)Jsem na poště. (I'm at the post office.)
Jdu na koncert. (I'm going to the concert.)Jsem na koncertě. (I'm at the concert.)

Common "Na" Destinations

CzechEnglish
Jdu na poštu.I'm going to the post office.
Jdu na nádraží.I'm going to the station.
Jdu na letiště.I'm going to the airport.
Jdu na univerzitu.I'm going to the university.
Jdu na koncert.I'm going to the concert.
Jdu na oběd.I'm going to lunch.
Jdu na procházku.I'm going for a walk.
Jedu na dovolenou.I'm going on vacation.
Dívám se na televizi.I'm watching TV.
Čekám na autobus.I'm waiting for the bus.

Do + Genitive (Not Accusative!)

Important!

Do (into, to) takes the Genitive, not Accusative!

  • Jdu do školy. (to school - genitive)
  • Jdu do města. (to the city - genitive)
  • Jdu do obchodu. (to the shop - genitive)

This is a common confusion point. When expressing motion "into" an enclosed space, use do + Genitive.


Pro + Accusative (For Someone)

Pro means "for" (intended for someone/something).

CzechEnglish
To je pro tebe.That's for you.
Koupil jsem dárek pro mámu.I bought a gift for mom.
Pro koho je ta kniha?Who is that book for?
Pracuji pro firmu.I work for a company.
Hlasoval pro návrh.He voted for the proposal.

Přes + Accusative (Across, Through)

Přes expresses movement across, over, or through something.

CzechEnglish
Jdu přes most.I'm going across the bridge.
Jel přes celou Evropu.He drove through all of Europe.
Díval se přes okno.He looked through the window.
Přes den pracuji.During the day I work.
Přes víkend jedu pryč.Over the weekend I'm going away.

Za + Accusative

Za has multiple meanings with accusative:

1. Motion Behind

CzechEnglish
Jdi za dům.Go behind the house.
Slunce zašlo za hory.The sun went behind the mountains.

2. In Exchange For / Thanks For

CzechEnglish
Děkuji za pomoc.Thank you for the help.
Děkuji za dárek.Thank you for the gift.
Zaplatil za oběd.He paid for lunch.
Koupil to za 100 korun.He bought it for 100 crowns.

3. In (time duration)

CzechEnglish
Za hodinu.In an hour.
Za týden.In a week.
Za chvíli.In a moment.

O + Accusative (By an Amount)

O with accusative expresses a difference or comparison.

CzechEnglish
Je o rok starší.He's a year older.
Je o dva roky mladší.She's two years younger.
O kolik to stojí víc?How much more does it cost?
O centimetr delší.A centimeter longer.
O + Accusative vs O + Locative
  • O + Accusative = by (an amount): Je o rok starší.
  • O + Locative = about (topic): Mluvíme o filmu.

Motion Prepositions (Dual Case)

These prepositions take Accusative for motion and Locative/Instrumental for location:

Preposition+ Accusative (motion)+ Loc./Instr. (location)
naJdu na stůl. (onto)Je na stole. (on)
v/veVěřím v Boha. (into/belief)Jsem v Praze. (in)
nadLetí nad město. (above-motion)Letí nad městem. (above)
podDej to pod stůl. (under-motion)Je pod stolem. (under)
předJdi před dům. (in front-motion)Stojí před domem. (in front)
zaJdi za dům. (behind-motion)Je za domem. (behind)
meziJdi mezi stromy. (between-motion)Je mezi stromy. (between)

Time Expressions with Accusative

ExpressionMeaning
každý denevery day
každou nocevery night
celý denthe whole day
celou nocthe whole night
příští týdennext week
minulou sobotulast Saturday
za hodinuin an hour
přes nocovernight

Common Phrases

CzechEnglish
Čekám na tebe.I'm waiting for you.
Dívám se na film.I'm watching a movie.
Těším se na víkend.I'm looking forward to the weekend.
Děkuji za všechno.Thank you for everything.
Jdu na pivo.I'm going for a beer.
Jdu pro chleba.I'm going to get bread.
Za jak dlouho?In how long?
Pro všechny případy.Just in case.

Practice

Choose the correct preposition:

  1. Jdu ___ školu. (to school) - na/do
  2. Děkuji ___ pomoc. (for help) - za/pro
  3. To je ___ tebe. (for you) - za/pro
  4. Jdu ___ most. (across the bridge) - přes/nad
  5. Je o rok ___. (older by) - starší
  6. Čekám ___ autobus. (for the bus) - na/pro
  7. ___ hodinu budu doma. (in an hour) - Za/O
  8. Jdu ___ koncert. (to the concert) - na/do
Check Answers
  1. Jdu do školy. (do + genitive for enclosed spaces)
  2. Děkuji za pomoc. (za = thanks for)
  3. To je pro tebe. (pro = intended for)
  4. Jdu přes most. (přes = across)
  5. Je o rok starší. (o + accusative for comparison)
  6. Čekám na autobus. (na = waiting for)
  7. Za hodinu budu doma. (za = in time)
  8. Jdu na koncert. (na for events)

Next Steps