Personal Pronouns (Osobní zájmena)

Personal pronouns decline just like nouns. They are often the hardest part of Czech morphology because they have short (clitic) and long (emphatic) forms.

Visual Overview

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Basic Forms (Nominative)

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	Já (I)	My (We)
2nd	Ty (You)	Vy (You - plural/formal)
3rd	On (He), Ona (She), To (It)	Oni (They - Ma), Ony (They - F/Mi), Ona (They - N)

Short vs. Long Forms

In Genitive, Dative, and Accusative, some pronouns have two forms.

1. Short (Weak): Used in normal sentences, placed in the "second position" (Wackernagel's position). Cannot start a sentence.
2. Long (Strong): Used after prepositions or for emphasis. Can start a sentence.

Example: "Me" (Accusative/Genitive)

• Short: mě
• Long: mne (archaic/formal) or mě (standard) - Wait, they are often the same now!
• Let's look at Ty (You):
  • Short: tě (Vidím tě. - I see you.)
  • Long: tebe (Vidím tebe, ne jeho. - I see YOU, not him. / Pro tebe. - For you.)

The "Him" Table (On)

Case	Short	Long (Emphasis)	After Preposition
Gen	ho	jeho	něho
Dat	mu	jemu	němu
Acc	ho	jeho	něho

Note: After a preposition, "j" becomes "n" (jeho -> něho).