Adjective Vocative Cheatsheet
All adjective patterns at a glance.
The Golden Rule
Adjectives = Nominative!
In vocative, adjectives stay in nominative form. Only the noun changes!
Examples
| Phrase | Adj. Form | Noun Form |
|---|---|---|
| Milý Petře! | nominative | vocative |
| Milá Jano! | nominative | vocative |
| Vážený pane! | nominative | vocative |
| Drahá matko! | nominative | vocative |
Hard Adjectives
| Gender | Nominative | In Vocative |
|---|---|---|
| Masc. | milý | milý (same) |
| Fem. | milá | milá (same) |
| Neut. | milé | milé (same) |
Examples
| Czech | English |
|---|---|
| Milý příteli! | Dear friend! |
| Drahý synu! | Dear son! |
| Milá sestro! | Dear sister! |
| Vážený pane! | Dear Sir! |
Soft Adjectives
| Gender | Nominative | In Vocative |
|---|---|---|
| Masc. | cizí | cizí (same) |
| Fem. | cizí | cizí (same) |
| Neut. | cizí | cizí (same) |
Possessives
| Possessive | Masc. | Fem. |
|---|---|---|
| můj | můj | moje/má |
| tvůj | tvůj | tvoje/tvá |
| náš | náš | naše |
| váš | váš | vaše |
Examples
| Czech | English |
|---|---|
| Můj milý! | My dear! |
| Moje drahá! | My dear! (f.) |
| Bože můj! | My God! |
Common Phrases
Formal Letters
| Czech | English |
|---|---|
| Vážený pane, | Dear Sir, |
| Vážená paní, | Dear Madam, |
| Milý Petře, | Dear Petr, |
| Milá Jano, | Dear Jana, |
| Drazí přátelé, | Dear friends, |
Emotional
| Czech | English |
|---|---|
| Bože můj! | My God! |
| Dobrý Bože! | Good God! |
| Ubohý člověče! | Poor man! |
| Ty hloupý kluku! | You stupid boy! |
Memory Trick
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ VOCATIVE ADJECTIVES │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ ADJECTIVES DON'T CHANGE! │
│ │
│ Only the NOUN gets vocative ending: │
│ │
│ Milý Petr → Milý Petře! │
│ ↑ ↑ │
│ (stays same) (changes) │
│ │
│ Milá Jana → Milá Jano! │
│ ↑ ↑ │
│ (stays same) (changes) │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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